Single-Sex Public Education

Schoolhouse Talk links to a New York Times article on single-sex public schools and notes that the Columbia Public Schools have been considering the idea for a year now.

It’s important to keep in mind that many of the successful schools mentioned in the New York Times piece are charter schools. So, in addition to maintaining a single-sex environment, they have more flexibility when they hire teachers and choose curricula. It’s hard to tell whether their good academic results are caused by the single-sex environment or by one of those other factors. But determining whether the average boy or girl learns best in a single-sex environment is less important than choosing the best schools for individual kids. Even if most girls prefer girls-only classes, for example, some individual girls might do better in a coed school.

No matter what the research shows about general patterns of achievement, parents should be able to choose the best educational environments for their kids — whether that means choosing between single-sex and coed classrooms in a traditional public school, or choosing a single-sex charter school.

Quick Hits After a Journey

After nine hours in a rented Pontiac G6 (that handled remarkably well in sleet, by the way) the second leg of the Show-Me Institute’s release tour for our study on Missouri transportation has been completed. In case you haven’t read it yet, KODE — Joplin’s ABC affiliate — ran a piece last night that nicely highlights the study’s main points. We thank them, and all of the other members of the media who we spoke with, for their time and hospitality.

That being said, the only thing you can really do after a long drive is riff on the news you missed:

  • The Pew Center on the States (which also released a study I commented on last week) released Grading the States 2008, its annual report card on the performance of state governments. Missouri was one of five states ranked as a B+, behind only three states ranked as an A-. According to the Post-Dispatch, the improvement comes largely from improvements in state-sponsored road projects. Yay, MoDOT.
  • The St. Louis Metropolitan and County police departments are going to start pursuing fugitives without warrants for their arrest. Despite the fact that without warrants these individuals are technically not "fugitives" per se, there is an administrative step that prevents warrants from being sought until an individual is first apprehended. This is, coincidentally, why lots of fugitives miss court dates in the first place: Often in St. Louis County, a suspect will be released from custody and assume that everything is hunky-dory until he gets pulled over for rolling a stop sign two years later and finds out that he’s had a warrant for his arrest out since the day after he was first brought in. Happens all the time. That said, pursuing individuals without warrants isn’t the step that needs to be taken. Rather, warrants should be made easier to get in the first place.

Beer Bloggles

There is nothing I would rather do more than blog about beer — except maybe drink beer while blogging about beer … from the hot tub. But here at SMI we have strict rules against drinking on the job before noon, so I’d better not. The Arch City Chronicle linked to a very interesting article in the Philadelphia Inquirer about proposed changes to Pennsylvania’s arcane and archaic liquor laws.

If you have ever been to a state-operated liquor store in Pennsylvania — and they are all operated by the state — you know that you can only buy beer by the case. There is a proposal to change that, and allow beer to be sold in various six-pack quantities: six, 12, 18, or the beloved case of 24. This change would make beer sales in Pennsylvania pretty much like they are in the rest of the western world. Unbelievably, the microbreweries in Pennsylvania are opposed to the 12- and 18-pack allowance. I’m all for making sure small businesses have everything they need to compete, but not at the expense of basic economic choices for the consumer. From the article:

The problem for many is the proposal to allow the sale of 12- to 18-packs of beer: Smaller breweries don’t have the packaging equipment to produce those sizes. It would give larger breweries an even larger price advantage.

"Who’s this bill going to help? It’s certainly not going to be the little guy," said Joseph Piccirilli, consultant to the Iron City Brewing Co. near Pittsburgh, one the state’s larger brewers.

Arguing against these changes just because smaller companies might have to invest capital in packaging equipment is NOT a worthwhile argument against giving consumers more options. The supporters of the bill have some very sensible counterarguments:

The two senators contend the measure would help in-state brewers by creating more outlets for six-pack sales. Customers now may be reluctant to try a case of their beer because if they don’t like the taste, they are stuck with unwanted bottles.

That seems very logical to me, although truth be told I pretty much just drink Budweiser, so I am not the ideal test case here. I also usually buy my beer by the keg instead of in six-packs or cases. (I’ll let you decide whether or not that is a joke. And please note that the required Missouri connection for this blog post is Anheuser-Busch’s extensive lobbying for these changes.)

Here is an obnoxious quote from a microbrewer who clearly enjoys people having the freedom to drink alcohol, but only on his terms:

"There’s not one microbrewer in this state that can make an 18-pack, not one," said Piccirilli, the Iron City consultant, who supports expanded access to six-packs, even 12-packs, but nothing beyond that.

Another microbrewer apparently knows more about both economics and human nature (the two go closely together), and trusts his product and his customers a little more:

Tom Kehoe, president of Yards Brewing Co. in Philadelphia, agreed that the larger-size beer packs would put a strain on in-state brewers. But he does not believe it will drown the state’s craft-beer businesses.

Microbrews, Kehoe said, appeal to a different kind of beer drinker, who usually won’t buy from "the big guys."

I subscribe to the beer theory of civilization, and beer is a great part of life. People should be able to responsibly enjoy it in whatever quantity they choose to buy it. (Safety-based limits are another issue — a drunk should not be able to buy a case on his way out of the bar.) These choices should be up to consumers, not laws backed by breweries.

 

Microlending in Missouri

I love finding market solutions to social needs. So I was happy to write about Grameen Bank’s expansion into New York City, and I’m even happier to report that microfinance loans are already available to small business owners in Missouri. ACCION USA accepts applications from business owners anywhere in the United States, and it has licensees in several states — including nearby Illinois.

Passing stricter laws about payday loans may sound like attractive policy, but it doesn’t give anyone better access to credit. So nonprofits like Grameen and ACCION are stepping up to the plate.

I’m still hoping for an announcement of microcredit offices opening in Missouri — if not from Grameen, then from ACCION or one of the other organizations out there.

Should We Push Everyone Into the Health-Insurance Pool?

MarketWatch tackles this question. The article mostly considers the dueling Clinton/Obama “mandate” requirements for a national health insurance plan for the nation’s uninsured:

[M]any analysts believe a requirement that individuals buy health insurance — when paired with subsidies for people who can’t afford it, effective purchasing pools and easy enrollment — is a critical mechanism for extending coverage.

National health care advocates argue that health insurance mandates should be required, in the same way that automobile insurance is required for drivers. They recognize (correctly) that this is the only way to cover the high costs of the elderly and the sick (by forcing younger, healthier Americans to directly subsidize them through mandated enrollment).

I have never understood this auto insurance analogy. Sure, states require that drivers have liability insurance — that is, that drivers have insurance that covers the costs inflicted upon the counterparty in an accident. But states don’t require drivers to enroll in comprehensive coverage for their own car, which would be a much more valid comparison.

There’s no external cost to an individual’s illness. If I get sick, the cost is borne by me, and me alone. We don’t purchase insurance to cover the costs of those we infect when we cough in a crowded elevator. Comprehensive auto insurance would run into the same problem as health care if it had a mandated requirement. Owners of old, beaten-up cars would never enroll in comprehensive coverage without being required to do so. They would recognize that the perceived benefits they might receive from such insurance would never justify its costs. This is why it’s so much more expensive to insure a new car — because the insurance pool is overwhelmed by newer cars that lead to more expensive payouts when something goes wrong.

A mandated comprehensive insurance policy would effectively subsidize new car owners at the expense of older, used car owners. It’s like the health insurance problem in reverse. How many drivers of a 1987 Ford POS would be willing to subsidize the insurance costs of a 2008 Ford Mustang?

Loans to the Poor

Muhammad Yunus has brought the Grameen Bank to the U.S. The microfinance venture, which previously helped the poor in countries like Bangladesh, is now offering small loans to residents of New York City. Grameen lends money to finance small businesses and help new entrepreneurs become self-sufficient. It’s been remarkably successful, with a repayment rate of 98 percent:

Why is Grameen’s debt-repayment rate so high? "Self-interest," is one reason. "For the first time, she has been given this opportunity to make money, make an income. Now she has a choice: she can pay back the loan so that she can continue with this door open and she can move on step by step. Or she says, enough is enough, I’m not going to pay back, I’m going to enjoy the money I got. What happens? The door gets closed." […]

Each borrower joins a group of people from similar social and economic conditions, and the group approves the loan request of each member.

Traditionally, loans to the poor have entailed high interest rates and a lot of risk. That’s why there’s so much enthusiasm for regulation and government involvement in the business. But Yunus has created a new business model for lending; he combines mentoring and money to increase the loans’ effectiveness. Rather than passing strict laws to drive lenders out of the business, we should be encouraging this new kind of bank for the poor. Maybe the next branch of Grameen will open in St. Louis or Kansas City!

For more information on microfinancing, take a look at Enterprise Mentors International, a microcredit organization cofounded by Show-Me Institute board member and treasurer Menlo Smith.

More on the Finnish Kids

I agree with Justin’s comments on the Wall Street Journal article about Finnish education. One point I’d like to add is that individual teachers have more flexibility in Finland than their counterparts in other countries do:

Finnish teachers pick books and customize lessons as they shape students to national standards. "In most countries, education feels like a car factory. In Finland, the teachers are the entrepreneurs," says Mr. Schleicher, of the Paris-based OECD, which began the international student test in 2000.

Finnish teachers are encouraged to improve the curriculum and try new things; contrast that with the SLPS’ ambivalent reaction to a math teacher who brought up his students’ MAP scores with a creative approach.

That’s not to say we should adopt all aspects of the Finnish system. I don’t think cheerleading, school bands, and competition to get into colleges are necessarily bad. But it wouldn’t hurt the U.S. public schools to give teachers a little more leeway.

Show-Me Institute Interview on KY3 in Springfield

The release of our most recent study, about transportation in MIssouri, was accompanied by a very successful media tour through southwest Missouri. Please check out this interview on KY3 NBC. We also did an interview with KSPR ABC in Springfield, but can’t find a link to it on the station’s website. 

We also did some great radio shows, and we’d like to thank Mark Kinsley and Kara Marxer at AM 1310 KZRG in Joplin for having me on his show along with Len Gilroy from Reason, and Dan Vaughn of KWTO 560 AM in Springfield for hosting us as well. We had an enjoyable, full-hour discussion with Mark and Kara on KZRG. To the many callers we had on KWTO with great questions: Thank you for your calls. To the couple of callers who accused us, more or less, of being part of a conspiracy to destroy our borders and create a North American Union: You are insane.

Finally, we were able to meet with some newspaper editors about the study, including Tony Messenger of the Springfield News-Leader, and we aprpeciated all of their time.

What Makes Finnish Kids So Smart?

The Wall Street Journal asks this question. Finnish students consistently outperform the rest of the world on international tests, yet Finnish high school students rarely have more than 30 minutes of homework per night. So what’s working?

The article seems to think it’s because Finnish schools focus only on academics. There are no sports teams, band classes, or other extra-curriculars. In addition, Finnish schools “teach to the bottom,” believing that brighter students will learn from helping those that are less fortunate.

How deliciously Eastern-European circa 1984.

I would argue that Finnish students perform well because they have one of the most homogeneous populations in the world. It’s easy to teach to the middle when all of your students are the same race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. The U.S. may have more variance with results, but diversity is a strength in and of itself. I’m not sure that the Finnish model should be the model we adopt here.

Not that this means we should ignore our international standing. I just mean that we need to control for additional variables.

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